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Cite this paper: |
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Guangchao HOU, Jingsheng ZHAI, Qi SHAO, Yanling ZHAO, Wei LI, Guijun HAN, Kangzhuang LIANG. Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2023, 41(1): 57-71 |
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Sound speed profiles in high spatiotemporal resolution using multigrid three-dimensional variational method: a coastal experiment off northern Shandong Peninsula |
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| Guangchao HOU1, Jingsheng ZHAI1, Qi SHAO1,2, Yanling ZHAO3, Wei LI1,2, Guijun HAN1, Kangzhuang LIANG1 |
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1 School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
2 Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology, Tianjin 300074, China;
3 The PLA 31010 Units, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: |
| It is essential to acquire sound speed profiles (SSPs) in high-precision spatiotemporal resolution for undersea acoustic activities. However, conventional observation methods cannot obtain high-resolution SSPs. Besides, SSPs are complex and changeable in time and space, especially in coastal areas. We proposed a new space-time multigrid three-dimensional variational method with weak constraint term (referred to as STC-MG3DVar) to construct high-precision spatiotemporal resolution SSPs in coastal areas, in which sound velocity is defined as the analytical variable, and the Chen-Millero sound velocity empirical formula is introduced as a weak constraint term into the cost function of the STC-MG3DVar. The spatiotemporal correlation of sound velocity observations is taken into account in the STC-MG3DVar method, and the multi-scale information of sound velocity observations from long waves to short waves can be successively extracted. The weak constraint term can optimize sound velocity by the physical relationship between sound velocity and temperature-salinity to obtain more reasonable and accurate SSPs. To verify the accuracy of the STC-MG3DVar, SSPs observations and CTD observations (temperature observations, salinity observations) are obtained from field experiments in the northern coastal area of the Shandong Peninsula. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of the STC-MG3DVar-constructed SSPs is 0.132 m/s, and the STC-MG3DVar method can improve the SSPs construction accuracy over the space-time multigrid 3DVar without weak constraint term (ST-MG3DVar) by 10.14% and over the spatial multigrid 3DVar with weak constraint term (SC-MG3DVar) by 44.19%. With the advantage of the constraint term and the spatiotemporal correlation information, the proposed STC-MG3DVar method works better than the ST-MG3DVar and the SC-MG3DVar in constructing high-precision spatiotemporal resolution SSPs. |
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| Key words:
space-time multigrid 3DVar|sound speed profiles|temperature|salinity|spatiotemporal correlation|multiscale
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| Received: 2021-09-08 Revised: |
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